用 chatgpt 学习英语 35/n

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知识点

gain in 与 gain 的用法区别

  • gain 基本义：获得、取得。
  • gain in：表示“在某方面逐渐增加、提升”。
    • 例句：Prefabricated and modular buildings are gaining in popularity.
      → 在世界各地，预制和模块化的建筑越来越受欢迎。
  • 💡 小技巧：
    • gain = 获得某物（tangible）
    • gain in = 在某个抽象维度增加（popularity, confidence, experience）

实际应用/例句

  • She has gained in confidence since last year.
  • The campaign is gaining in strength.

aid in = be helpful in

  • aid in doing sth.：帮助、促进做某事（正式用法）。
  • 可以理解为 be helpful in doing sth.
    • 例句：Healthy dirt aids in controlling weight.
      → 健康的土壤有助于控制体重。

实际应用/例句

  • Exercise aids in maintaining good health.
  • The software aids in managing your tasks efficiently.

For instance vs. For example

短语 用法差别
For example 最常见，用于举例说明
For instance 略正式，常用于书面语或学术语境
  • 含义几乎一样，可互换。
  • 区别主要在 语感和正式程度。

实际应用/例句

  • There are many ways to improve your English. For example, you can read newspapers.
  • Many sports require teamwork. For instance, football and basketball.

prescription: by 与 on

  • 两种搭配都正确：
    • Antibiotics are only available by prescription
    • Antibiotics are only available on prescription
  • 英美差异：
    • 英式英语更常见 on prescription。
    • 美式英语更常见 by prescription。

实际应用/例句

  • This drug is only available by prescription in the US.
  • In the UK, certain medicines are free on prescription.

quiver: 箭袋 vs. 颤抖

  • quiver (n.)：箭袋
  • quiver (v./n.)：颤抖
  • 词义差异大，但来源不同：
    • “箭袋” → 来自拉丁语 cuiere（容器）
    • “颤抖” → 来自日耳曼语根（shake）

实际应用/例句

  • He took an arrow from his quiver.
  • Her voice quivered with emotion.

dispose of

  • dispose of sth. = 处理、丢弃某物
  • 可用于：
    • 丢弃废物 → They have no way to dispose of the hazardous waste.
    • 摆脱某人/某问题（更隐喻）

实际应用/例句

  • Please dispose of your trash properly.
  • He quickly disposed of the opponent in the game.

retrieve 在 IT 语境下

  • retrieve = 检索、找回
  • 在 IT 里同时表示：
    • 从数据库 检索 数据
    • 从备份中 找回 文件
  • 语境决定意思，不会产生歧义。

实际应用/例句

  • The system can retrieve old records.
  • You can retrieve lost files from the backup.

in a pinch

  • in a pinch = 在紧急情况下、在必要时
  • 多数情况是作 副词短语
    • 例句：…to retrieve files in a pinch.
      → 在必要时检索文件。

实际应用/例句

  • In a pinch, we can use my car.
  • He can cook in a pinch, though he isn’t great at it.

pinch-hit

  • 源于棒球，表示“代打”。
  • 引申为：临时顶替别人完成任务。

实际应用/例句

  • She had to pinch-hit for her colleague during the meeting.
  • I can pinch-hit if you need someone to cover your shift.

dispose 的多重用法

  1. dispose of sth. → 处理、丢弃
  2. dispose sb to sth. → 使某人倾向于
  3. at sb’s disposal → 供某人使用

实际应用/例句

  • The waste was disposed of safely.
  • His generosity disposes me to like him.
  • I am at your disposal.

chances are 句型

  • chances are + 从句 → 表示“很可能…”
  • 非正式口语表达，相当于 It’s likely that…

实际应用/例句

  • Chances are she is at the office.
  • Chances are it will rain tomorrow.

home 与 office 的表达差别

  • home 特殊，可作副词：
    • He is home. / He goes home.
  • 其他地点（如 office, school, park）需加介词：
    • She is at the office.
    • He goes to the park.

小技巧

  • 大多数地点 → at/to + 地点
  • home → 直接用 home

实际应用/例句

  • I am home now.
  • She is at school.

against 的用法

  1. 抽象：反对、对抗
    • fight against crime
  2. 具体：紧贴、靠着
    • The ladder was placed against the wall. → 梯子紧靠着墙

与 facing 的区别

against facing
紧靠、接触 面对、朝向
The car is parked against the curb. The car is parked facing the curb.

实际应用/例句

  • He leaned against the tree.
  • The house is facing the park.

distinction vs. different

distinction (名词) different (形容词)
差别、区别，书面语 不同的，口语化
They made a distinction between A and B. These two plans are different.

实际应用/例句

  • The law makes no distinction between the two cases.
  • The two brothers are very different in character.

ignite vs. light

ignite light
正式，强调突然/强烈燃烧，可比喻 口语，日常“点燃”
The gas ignited instantly. He lit a candle.

实际应用/例句

  • The speech ignited a debate.
  • She lit the fireplace.

arrive in vs. arrive at

  • arrive in：用于国家、城市等大地方
    • We arrived in Beijing yesterday.
  • arrive at：用于机场、车站、建筑等具体小地点
    • I arrived at the airport yesterday.

小技巧

  • 大地方 → in
  • 小地点 → at

实际应用/例句

  • She arrived in London on Monday.
  • They arrived at the station on time.

anki 卡片

anki工作流

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❌ Chances are he has already home. (缺少介词，home用法错误)	✔ 正确：Chances are he has already gone home. / Chances are he is already home. 解析：home作为地点副词时不能直接和have连用，应使用go home或be home。💡提示：表示“到家”=go home；表示“在家”=be home
❓ “gain in” 和单独 “gain” 有什么区别？	✔ “gain”=获得某物（具体/tangible）；“gain in”=在某方面增加（抽象/quality）。例：She gained weight. / She gained in confidence. 💡提示：带“in”更偏抽象维度
❓ “aid in” 是什么意思？	✔ “aid in doing sth.”=帮助/促进做某事（正式）。相当于“be helpful in”。例：Healthy dirt aids in controlling weight. 💡提示：aid in + 动名词。  
❓ “For instance”和“For example”有什么区别？	✔ 含义几乎一样，均表示举例；“for instance”略正式，“for example”最常见。例：Many sports require teamwork. For instance, football. 💡提示：两者可互换，但instance更书面
❓ “by prescription”和“on prescription”有什么区别？	✔ 二者都对。美式英语偏“by prescription”，英式英语偏“on prescription”。例：Antibiotics are only available by prescription (US) / on prescription (UK)。💡提示：记住by=美，on=英
❓ “quiver” 为什么既是“箭袋”又是“颤抖”？	✔ 因为来自不同词源：箭袋来自拉丁语“容器”，颤抖来自日耳曼语“shake”。例：He took an arrow from his quiver. / Her voice quivered with fear. 💡提示：两个词同形不同源
❓ “dispose of” 是什么意思？	✔ “dispose of sth.”=处理、丢弃（正式），也可指摆脱某人/问题。例：They dispose of hazardous waste properly. 💡提示：固定搭配=dispose of+名词
❓ 在 IT 语境中 “retrieve” 为什么既是“检索”又是“找回”？	✔ 因为retrieve本义=取回。在数据库是“检索”，在备份是“找回”，语境决定。💡提示：retrieve=“拿回来”，具体语境不同
❓ “in a pinch” 是什么意思？	✔ “in a pinch”=在必要时/紧急情况下（副词短语）。例：You can use my car in a pinch. 💡提示：想象“被掐住”=紧急情况
❓ “pinch-hit” 是什么意思？	✔ 来源棒球=“代打”，引申为临时顶替别人完成任务。例：She had to pinch-hit for her colleague. 💡提示：pinch=紧急，hit=应对
❓ “dispose” 有哪些不同用法？	✔ 1) dispose of sth.=处理；2) dispose sb to sth.=使倾向于；3) at sb’s disposal=任某人支配。💡提示：dispose后常见三个固定搭配
❓ “chances are + 从句” 是什么语法？	✔ 非正式固定表达=“很可能…”，相当于It’s likely that… 例：Chances are it will rain. 💡提示：背下来当一个整体短语
❓ 为什么说“be home”但要说“be at the office”？	✔ “home”特殊，可作副词，不加介词。大多数地点需介词at/to。例：He is home. / She is at the office. 💡提示：home是副词，office是名词
❓ “against” 为什么既是“对抗”又是“紧靠”？	✔ 抽象义=反对/对抗，具体义=紧贴/靠着。例：The ladder was placed against the wall. 💡提示：想象“压在…上”→既可以是“靠着”也可以是“反对”
❓ “distinction” 可以看作“different”的书面版吗？	✔ 不完全。distinction=区别（名词），different=不同的（形容词）。例：The law makes a distinction. / They are different. 💡提示：词性不同，不能互换
❓ “ignite”和“light” 都表示点燃，有什么区别？	✔ ignite=正式/强烈/可比喻；light=日常/普通动作。例：The gas ignited. / He lit a candle. 💡提示：ignite=爆炸/抽象，light=日常/具体
❓ “arrive in”和“arrive at” 有什么区别？	✔ arrive in=大地方（国家/城市）；arrive at=小地点（机场/车站/建筑）。例：Arrive in Beijing / Arrive at the airport。💡提示：大地方in，小地方at