重点单词与语法要点整理
重点单词
1. alternative
释义：
- (adj.) 可替代的，供选择的
- (n.) 替代方案，选择
词组：
- an alternative solution（替代方案）
- a vegan alternative to eggs（蛋的纯素替代品）
例句：
- We need to find an alternative way to solve this problem.
- Soy milk is a popular alternative to cow’s milk.
近义词： substitute, replacement
反义词： primary, necessity
2. bump
释义：
- (n.) 凸起，肿块
- (v.) 碰撞，撞击
词组：
- speed bump（减速带）
- bump into someone（偶然遇见某人）
例句：
- I felt a bump on my forehead after hitting the door.
- I bumped into my old friend at the mall.
近义词： lump (n.), hit (v.)
反义词： smoothness (n.), avoid (v.)
3. stale
释义：
- (adj.) 不新鲜的，陈旧的
词组：
- stale bread（变硬的面包）
- stale joke（老掉牙的笑话）
例句：
- The bread has gone stale after a few days.
- His speech was full of stale jokes that no one laughed at.
近义词： outdated, old
反义词： fresh, new
4. hygiene
释义：
- (n.) 卫生，卫生状况
词组：
- personal hygiene（个人卫生）
- poor hygiene（糟糕的卫生条件）
例句：
- Good hygiene helps prevent diseases.
- People with poor hygiene are more likely to get sick.
形容词形式： hygienic（卫生的）
近义词： cleanliness, sanitation
反义词： dirtiness, filth
语法要点
1. will vs. will be
| 结构 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| will + 动词原形 | 表示一般将来 | Iwill visit my parents next week. |
| will be + 动词-ing | 表示未来进行时，强调未来某个时间正在进行的动作 | Tomorrow at 10 a.m., shewill be working in the office. |
2. 过去完成时（Past Perfect）
结构： had + 过去分词
用法：
- 表示过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作
- 通常与 before 或 by the time 搭配
例句：
- Mr. Dambar had started off as an assistant before he became the manager.
- I had eaten breakfast before I left for work.
3. a bit more of + 名词
用法：
- a bit more of + 可数名词 / 不可数名词
- 强调数量或程度的略微增加
例句：
- The Temple of the Four Winds is a bit more of a walk, but it’s worth it.
- This task requires a bit more of an effort.
常见错误：
- ❌ a bit more of walk（缺少冠词）
- ✅ a bit more of a walk
4. sort of
用法：
- 表示“某种程度上，有点”
- 可用于修饰名词或形容词
例句：
- It’s a special sort of label that changes texture when food goes bad.
- He sort of knew what was happening.
5. would have been + 过去分词
用法：
- 表示对过去的假设，即“本可以发生但实际没有发生”
- 通常用于虚拟语气
例句：
- The food would have been thrown away otherwise.
- If I had stayed in the company, I would have been a great leader.
6. 现在完成时 vs. 现在完成进行时
| 结构 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| have/has + 过去分词 | 表示过去发生的动作对现在仍有影响 | Ihave enjoyed working on this project. |
| have/has been + 动词-ing | 强调动作的持续性 | Ihave been enjoying the process of learning English. |
常见错误：
- ❌ I have been enjoyed it.
- ✅ I have enjoyed it.